Accurate Static Estimators for Program Optimization

Abstract

Determining the relative execution frequency of program regions is essential for many important optimization techniques, including register allocation, function inlining, and instruction scheduling. Estimates derived from profiling with sample inputs are generally regarded as the most accurate source of this information; static (compile-time) estimates are considered to be distinctly inferior. If static estimates were shown to be competitive, however, their convenience would outweigh minor gains from profiling, and they would provide a sound basis for optimization when profiling is impossible.